This book investigates the realm of intellectual property rights (IPRs) within the context of international political economy. In particular, it examines the extent to which powerful interest groups, such as pharmaceutical multinational companies, influence the political dynamism underlying the field of IPRs.
This part of the book deals with some of the constraints faced by poor countries in international trade with, and transfer of technology from, rich countries. While there is a large literature on international credit market imperfections, sovereign risk in debt contracts and their macroeconomic implications, there has been much less research done on the implications of these market imperfections on the pattern of international specialization in micro trade theory.
It has been 75 years since the publication of Bertil Ohlin’s (1933) pathbreaking treatise on interregional and international trade and nearly 90 years since the publication of the article by Ohlin’s teacher, Eli Heckscher (1919), that significantly shaped Ohlin’s thinking about trade theory.1 No names are more closely associated with modern trade theory than those of Heckscher and Ohlin. As the basis for international trade, their model focuses on differences among countries in relative factor supplies and on differences among commodities in the intensities with which they use these factors.
La dirección del comercio internacional ha sido explicada tradicionalmente en base al modelo de Heckscher-Ohlin, en un contexto de rendimientos constantes a escala y competencia perfecta.
En el modelo de Heckscher-Ohlin de dos países, dos bienes y dos factores, cada país exporta aquel bien que usa en forma intensiva el factor que es relativamente abundante en dicho país. Este es comercio interindustrial, es decir, hay intercambio internacional de bienes producidos por una industria a cambio de los bienes producidos por la otra. EXTRAIDO DEL TXT
These lecture notes review some of the material that I cover in the advanced gradúate course in the International Trade that I teach at Harvard University. The course focuses on a firm-level approach to international trade and on selected topics in trade policy.
I am teaching this class for the first time this Spring, so the notes are likely to contain several typos and mistakes. Comments, suggestions, and corrections would be most welcome.
Dentro de los conceptos instrumentales del discurso económico-político dominante, el de competitividad ocupa un lugar singular por la relevancia que ha adquirido en los últimos tiempos. Se trata, como tantos otros, de un término acuñado en la esfera académica y, por tanto, revestido de un aura de cientificidad que le confiere el prestigio necesario para funcionar como sortilegio en los medios de comunicación. Pero, como también le ocurre a otros, es un concepto que encierra una trampa doble, porque nace ya contaminado por el mito y debilitado por las ideas preconcebidas en el ámbito de la reflexión científica, y a eso une una notable impregnación ideológica cuando se introduce en el terreno del debate público. EXTRAIDO DE LA INTRODUCCION
This volume brings together fifteen essays from various fields of economics to which Assaf Razin has made major contributions in the last thirty years – international economics, economic growth, public economics, and political economy. They all share a common feature: close relevance to economic policy, something which is at the essence of all of Assaf’s contributions.
Making the International: Economic Interdependence and Political Order is part of A World of Whose Making? Politics, Economics, Technology and Culture in International Studies, a course from The Open University’s Faculty of Social Sciences. As its subtitle implies, Making the International is the product of collaboration between economists and political scientists to produce an international text in International Political Economy.
This volume is a tribute to Koji Shimomura’s memory. After this introduction, Murray C. Kemp, Koji’s thesis advisor, offers a portrait of the young Koji as an emerging trade theorist. The rest of the book is divided into five parts in line with Koji’s own research.
“Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors” by Michael E. Porter is a classic business strategy text and must reading for anybody who has a serious interest in business strategy.
It was this book combined with Competitive Advantage which established Harvard Business School Professor, Michael Porter’s reputation as the preeminent thinker on business strategy in the eighties and nineties.
Like many leaders, you are there to be shot at and I find myself getting mad when I see his core ideas misrepresented and then criticised.
Porter’s groundbreaking concept of the value chain disaggregates a company into “activities,” or the discrete functions or processes that represent the elemental building blocks of competitive advantage.
How an essential part of international business thinking, Competitive Advantage takes strategy from broad vision to an internally consistent configuration of activities. Its powerful framework provides the tools to understand the drivers of cost and a company’s relative cost position.
Porter’s value chain enables managers to isolate the underlying sources of buyer value that will command a premium price, and the reasons why one product or service substitutes for another. He shows how competitive advantage lies not only in activities themselves but in the way activities relate to each other, to supplier activities, and to customer activities. Competitive Advantage also provides for the first time the tools to strategically segment an industry and rigorously assess the competitive logic of diversification.
Economics is more important today than it has ever been. Foreign policy is increasingly driven by commercial considerations. Economic strength gives incomparably more political influence than military strength. Globalisation is irreversible. The conquest of markets is now much more important than the conquest of territory. Growing economic interdependence is rapidly rendering war obsolete. Economic interdependence, not military strategy, is today the chief guarantor of security. The information revolution is creating a borderless world in which the nation-state is no longer a meaningful unit of economic activity. The state, indeed, is becoming a ‘nostalgic fiction’
Este libro evalúa las políticas de desarrollo y de ajuste aplicadas en América Latina y sus resultados (eficacia y equidad) mediante el examen de los supuestos teórico-ideológicos y los procesos de globalización económica. Con este fin, presenta la evaluación histórica de los componentes comercial y financiero del proceso de globalización y analiza la evolución del sistema internacional multilateral y los acuerdos de integración regional, así como su impacto macroeconómico y de distribución.
En cuanto a los aspectos monetarios y financieros, estudia las tendencias y dimensiones de los flujos de capital, inversión productiva y de portafolio, así como el fenómeno de la volatilidad, las recientes crisis en Asia y América Latina y el grado de articulación de estos fenómenos con las teorías dominantes en la actualidad.
How should we divide societal resources and output among ourselves? According to need, contribution, equality, economic efficiency, or deserts? Why? How should we rank these criteria of distributive justice in order of their importance? These are among the biggest unresolved questions of political economy, and they have become even more divisive in the face of globalization
Competition is a constitutive property of a market economy following immediately from the right of each individual to pursue his or her own interest. Therefore competition policy is a cornerstone of economic policy in a market economy. In fact, following the lead of US antitrust, most industrialized countries now have introduced some kind of competition policy. In particular, in the European Union competition policy has been accorded a constitutional status. As stated in Article 4 of the EC Treaty, the economic policy of the member states and the Community shall be conducted in ‘accordance with the principle of an open market economy and free competition’ and Article 3, lit g, says that competition must not be distorted, either by private restraints or by government interference.
This book is an introduction to international economics, intended for students who are taking their first course in the subject. The level of exposition requires as a background no more than a standard introductory course in the principles of economics. Those who have had intermediate micro and macro theory will find that background useful, but where the tools of intermediate theory are necessary in this book they are taught within the text. The primary purpose of this book is to present a clear, straightforward, and current account of the main topics in international economics. We have tried to keep the student`s perspective constantly in mind and to make the explanations both intuitively appealing and rigorous.
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